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History of Sindh - After end of Arab's Rule over Sindh

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Following inline points discuss the history of Sindh after the rule of Arabs ended in Sindh.
  • Father of Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi, Sabuktingin was the Amir of Ghazna (modern Ghazni in Afghanistan).
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi extended the rule of his father over Khurasan by attacking and expelling the Ismailis (Fatmid Caliphate) who escaped into Sindh and southern Punjab.
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi fought the war against the Hindu rulers in Afghanistan.
  • Sultan Mahmud succeeded his father Sabuktigin in 988 AD / 387 AH.
  • Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi earned the title of “Yamin al-Daula”, which means the right hand of the Abbasid caliphate.
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi invaded Multan in the winter of 1005 AD and return back to his homeland.
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi invaded Multan in the winter of 1005, followed by invasions again in 1010 and 1011 AD. There Mehmud Ghaznavi captured the Ismaili ruler of Multan Abul Fatah Da’ud.
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi invaded Multan for third time in 1011 in a response of Abdul Fatah Da'ud not giving up Ismaelism.
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi invaded Multan for three times.
  • Sultan Mahmud Ghazni invaded Mansurah on his way back from the plunder of Somnath in 1025 AD.
  • Mansurah had been Arab (Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates) capital of Sindh for three hundred years.
  • Previous name of Mansurah was Brahamanabad.
  • Site of Mansurah now ruined site is located at 18 kms S.E from Shahdadpur, district Sanghar. 
  • Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi used to led his army into Pakistan and India during the winter season.
  • Abu al-Raihan Muhammad ibn Ahmad Alberuni came to India with Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi in 1017.
  • Alberuni came to India to investigate Hindu science.
  • The Sumras claim descent from the Arabs of Samarra who arrived in Sindh with the members of the Tamim tribe who served as Abbasid governors in Sindh.
  • The Sumras captured the parts of Sindh on the left bank from which they expelled the Sammas who took refuge in Kutch.
  • The first ruler of the Sumra tribe was Khafif I who took over Mansurah.
  • In winter of 1026, Sultan Mehmud Ghaznavi leading with 1400 special boats and army attacked and destroyed Ismaeli navy and first Sumra ruler Khafif I died of drowning in this war.

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